However, upon Henry I’s death in 1135, Matilda’s cousin Stephen of Blois swiftly seized the throne, exploiting the barons’ reluctance to accept a woman as monarch. Stephen’s usurpation plunged England into a bitter civil war known as The Anarchy, lasting nearly two decades.
The Anarchy: A Nation Divided
The period known as The Anarchy (1135-1153) was characterized by intense conflict between supporters of Matilda and Stephen. This civil war devastated England, with barons switching allegiances, towns ravaged, and lawlessness rampant.
Despite setbacks, Matilda demonstrated remarkable military leadership and political skill. In 1139, she landed in England with an army, gaining support in the West Country. She secured key victories, including the capture of Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141. For a brief period, Matilda controlled London and was declared “Lady of the English,” though she was never crowned queen.
Her failure to secure coronation and the subsequent loss of London highlighted the difficulties she faced as a female ruler in a male-dominated society. shutdown123